TRUMP HAS RECOGNIZED JERUSALEM AS THE ISRAELI CAPITAL IN DECEMBER 6, 2017.IVANKA TRUMP AND HER HUSBAND JARED KUSHNER WERE IN JERUSALEM FOR EMBASSY OPENING AS GAZA BRACES FOR BLOODSHED.MORE THAN 50 PALESTINE YOUNG PEOPLE KILLED IN CLASHES .
February 10, 2019 at 3:17 pm,
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Palestinians want the capital of an independent Palestinian state to be
in the city's eastern sector, which Israel captured in the 1967 Middle
East war and annexed in a move never recognised internationally.
Jerusalem,its multi-religious
tradition. The scope of the book is broad, ranging from the fourth
century B.C.E. to the present a preeminent and recently
deceased Islamic historian, follows his clearly stated intention of
providing what he regards as the balance necessary to an understanding
of various religious groups' identity within Jerusalem. The essays cover
Jewish, Muslim, and, to a lesser extent, Christian heritage. The
development is purely chronological, moving from early tribal
settlements through the empires of Rome and Byzantium, the emergence of
Islam, the conflict with Christian Crusaders, and the rise of the
Ottomans to, finally, dominance by the West. A useful addition to
collections that seek to serve broad interests and Middle Eastern
history.Jerusalem was conquered by King David around 1000 BCE, establishing it
as the capital of Israel. The first Temple was built by King Solomon a
few decades later and destroyed in 587 BCE by the Babylonians. The
Second Temple was built in 516 BCE. Under Greek rule in 175 BCE, the
Temple was plundered and desecrated. Following the Maccabean revolt, it
is in this Second Temple, that story of the Hanukkah miracle takes
place.Many significant events in the life of Jesus took place in Jerusalem,
including the Temptation, Last Supper, Crucifixion, and Resurrection.The
city was largely extended westwards after the Neo-Assyrian destruction
of the northern Kingdom of Israel and the resulting influx of refugees.
Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BCE, it was rebuilt on a smaller
scale in about 440 BCE, during the Persian period, when, according to
the Bible, Nehemiah led the Jews who returned from the Babylonian Exile.
An additional, so-called Second Wall, was built by King Herod the
Great. In 41–44 CE, Agrippa, king of Judea, started building the
so-called "Third Wall" around the northern suburbs. The entire city was
totally destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE.The
northern part of the city was rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian around
130, under the name Aelia Capitolina. In the Byzantine period Jerusalem
was extended southwards and again enclosed by city walls.In the
early 600's CE, significant events in the life of Muhammad take
place in Jerusalem, including the Initial Revelations, and the Night
Journey. In 620 CE Muhammad declares the Al-Aqsa Mosque as one of the
three holiest mosques in Islam. In 636 CE, Jerusalem is conquered again
and becomes part of the Arab Caliphate.The Crusaders invade Jerusalem in
1099 and control the city until Saladin's capture in 1187.The Ottomans
rule Jerusalem from 1516 until after World War I when the
British Mandate begins. Following the 1948 War of Independence, the Old
City falls under Jordanian control, where it remains until the 1967
Six-Day War, when it is returned to Jewish control for the first time in
thousands of years.Muslims
occupied Byzantine Jerusalem in the 7th century (637 CE) under the
second caliph, `Umar Ibn al-Khattab who annexed it to the Islamic Arab
Empire. He granted its inhabitants an assurance treaty. After the siege
of Jerusalem, Sophronius welcomed `Umar, allegedly because, according to
biblical prophecies known to the Church in Jerusalem, "a poor, but just
and powerful man" would rise to be a protector and ally to the
Christians of Jerusalem. Sophronius believed that `Umar, a great warrior
who led an austere life, was a fulfillment of this prophecy. In the
account by the Patriarch of Alexandria, Eutychius, it is said that `Umar
paid a visit to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and sat in its
courtyard. When the time for prayer arrived, however, he left the church
and prayed outside the compound, in order to avoid having future
generations of Muslims use his prayer there as a pretext for converting
the church into a mosque. Eutychius adds that `Umar also wrote a decree
which he handed to the Patriarch, in which he prohibited Muslims
gathering in prayer at the site.
US Donald Trump's daughter Ivanka and her husband, Jared
Kushner, have arrived in Israel ahead of the opening of the new US
embassy in Jerusalem.Israel regards Jerusalem as its "eternal and undivided" capital, while
the Palestinians claim East Jerusalem - occupied by Israel in the 1967
Middle East war - as the capital of a future state.
Trump’s recognition of contested Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 6, 2017 outraged Palestinians, who said the United States could no longer serve as an honest broker in any peace process with Israel.Palestinians seek East Jerusalem as the capital of a state they want to establish in the occupied West Bank and the Gaza Strip.Leaders around the world, including US allies, have condemned the move as US embassies in the Middle East and Europe braced for potentially violent protests in the wake of the announcement. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, British Prime Minister Theresa May and a host of Middle Eastern leaders were among those criticising Mr Trump's "dangerous escalation" of hostilities.In Gaza, hundreds of Palestinian protesters burned American and Israeli flags, while several hundred protesters gathered outside the US consulate in Istanbul, with some throwing coins and other objects at the building.The Palestinian death toll from Israeli live fire in protests along the Gaza-Israel border at least 58 Palestinians were killed and more than 2,700 injured in Gaza as deadly protests took place ahead of, during and after the ceremony in Jerusalem.The U.S. relocation of its embassy from Tel Aviv fulfilled a pledge by President Donald Trump but it has fired Palestinian anger and drawn criticism from many foreign governments as a setback to peace efforts.Ministry officials said about 2,200 Palestinians were wounded, half of them by live bullets.France and Britain called on Israel to show restraint and U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said he was “deeply concerned” by the events in Gaza.Other responses to the violence were stronger. Regional power Turkey accused Israeli security forces of carrying out a massacre and said the U.S. Embassy move had encouraged them. The policy of Israeli authorities to fire irrespective of whether there is an immediate threat to life on Palestinian demonstrators in Gaza, caged in for a decade and under occupation for a half century, has resulted in a bloodbath that anyone could have foreseen.”Tens of thousands of Palestinians had streamed to the coastal enclave’s land border, some approaching the Israeli fence a line Israeli leaders said Palestinians would not be allowed to breach.Clouds of black smoke from tyres set alight by demonstrators rose in the air.Demonstrators, some armed with slingshots, hurled stones at the Israeli security forces, who fired volleys of tear gas and intense rounds of gunfire.The Israeli military said three of those killed were armed militants who tried to place explosives near the fence.The latest casualties raised the Palestinian death toll to 88 since the protests started six weeks ago, the worst bout of bloodshed since the 2014 Gaza war.No Israeli casualties have been reported. Thousands of people approached the barrier as the protest unfolded, some rolling burning tyres and hurling stones.Others flew flaming kites to try and torch bushes on the other side and distract Israeli marksmen.Hundreds of Palestinians were treated for tear gas inhalation. “The IDF (Israel Defense Forces) will act forcefully against any terrorist activity and will operate to prevent attacks against Israelis,” the military said in a statement.he killings have drawn international criticism since the series of protests began but the United States has echoed Israel in accusing Gaza’s ruling Hamas movement of instigating violence, an allegation it denies.More than 2 million people are crammed into the narrow strip, which is blockaded by Egypt and Israel.The Trump administration says it has nearly completed a new Israeli-Palestinian peace plan but is undecided on how and when to roll it out.Palestinian Prime Minister Rami Hamdallah, in a statement , accused the United States of “blatant violations of international law”.“Choosing a tragic day in Palestinian history (to open the Jerusalem embassy) shows great insensibility and disrespect for the core principles of the peace process,” Hamdallah wrote.French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian said the U.S. move flouted international law. “France calls on all actors to show responsibility to prevent a new escalation,” Le Drian said in a statement.In London, the British government said it had no plans to move its Israel embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem and it disagreed with the U.S. decision to do so.The Russian government said it feared the embassy move would increase tensions across the Middle East.
Israeli
troops kill 16 protesting Palestinians as Ivanka Trump and Jared
Kushner open the Jerusalem embassy.Today is the big day when we will
cross the fence and tell
Israel and the world we will not accept being occupied forever," said a
protester.
Protests at the Gaza-Israel border coincided with Nakba Day, the Palestinians' "day of catastrophe" a reference to Israel's 1948 founding and Palestinians' expulsion from their homes in Israel.Palestinians carry an injured protestors during demonstration to mark the 70th anniversary of Nakba and against United States' plans today to relocate the U.S. Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, near Gaza-Israel border in Rafah southern Gaza. Dozens of people died in violence in Gaza ahead of the controversial opening of the new U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem.Ceremonies marking the embassy's move from the official capital in Tel Aviv were intended to be festive and celebratory, but authorities are preparing for demonstrations that could turn into fighting.Ivanka Trump and husband Jared Kushner, both senior White House advisers, represented the United States at the ceremony. U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan also attended.While Israel lauds the transfer of the embassy, announced by President Donald Trump last year, it's been roundly condemned by many Arab countries.ens of thousands of Zionists, Israel's far right-wing, participated in the Flag March on Sunday the annual procession that marks Jerusalem Day, the end of the 1967 war and the merger of East and West Jerusalem. Fighting broke out along the route to the Temple Mount, which passes through the city's Muslim Quarter.Several Palestinians were arrested, as were six Jewish marchers who sang songs police later described as incitement. Most vendors in the Muslim Quarter kept their shops open, despite warnings that police would be unable to protect them if the Flag March turned violent.The two sides were separated by police at the Temple Mount, a sacred site to Jews, Muslims and Christians, and several Jewish marchers were removed for breaking the rules of conduct, Ynet News reported.The move of the U.S. Embassy is seen in Israel as a transformative event breaking decades of U.S. neutrality on Israeli-Palestinian relations. Palestinians regard East Jerusalem as Palestine's capital, should it ever become a sovereign state, and interpret the U.S. Embassy move as Washington taking sides with Israel.Israel effectively annexed East Jerusalem after the 1967 war, although no country recognized the takeover until Trump's declaration of the embassy move.The violent clashes cast a shadow over the inauguration of the new US embassy in Jerusalem and raised new doubts about Trump's ambitions to broker what he once said would be the Middle East "deal of the century".While the US President did not attend the opening, his daughter Ivanka and her husband Jared Kushner attended the ceremony and delivered on "a longtime promise to the American and Israeli people".Update: 5.20pm The latest death toll stands at 52 after Israeli soldiers shot and killed Palestinians during mass protests along the Gaza border.The Associated Press reports that about 1,200 others suffered other types of injuries, including from tear gas, according to the statement.Israeli soldiers have shot and killed at least 43 Palestinians during mass protests along the Gaza border, overshadowing the inauguration of the new US embassy in Jerusalem.It has been reported that the number of people wounded is in its thousands.In a show of anger fuelled by the embassy move, protesters set tyres ablaze and hurled firebombs and stones toward Israeli troops across the border.The Israeli military said its troops had come under fire, and accused protesters of trying to break through the border fence. It said troops shot and killed three Palestinians who were trying to plant a bomb.At the same time, just 45 miles away in Jerusalem, the opening ceremony of the embassy got under way, with Trump saying in a video address that the move had been "a long time coming".Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas said the decision was tantamount to the US abdicating its peace mediator role.Britain's PM Theresa May said she believed Mr Trump's move was "unhelpful in terms of prospects for peace in the region".Lebanon's President Michel Aoun said the decision had put back the peace process by decades.Jordan's government spokesman said the kingdom considered "all unilateral moves that sought to create new facts on the ground as null and void".
At least 58 Palestinians were killed and more than 2,700 injured in Gaza
as deadly protests took place ahead of, during and after the ceremony
in Jerusalem,including five children under the age of 18. Almost 2,000
sustained injuries, more than 900 with live ammunition,10,000 "violent
rioters" were participating in the Gaza protest.