THE FALL OF IRAQ (DECEMBER 14,2003),SADDAM HUSSEIN WAS IRAQI LEADER CAPTURED EIGHT MONTHS AFTER FALL OF BAGHDAD.HE WAS DEFIANT DICTATOR,WHO RULED IRAQ WITH VIOLENCE .HE WAS  HANGED FOR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY.NOW , 15 YEARS AFTER HIS FALL,IRAQ HAS DESCENDED FUTHER INTO CHAOS.

Saddam Hussein Revinathan  and family ,he was the President of Iraq,( 1979 - 2003).In 1959-1963: Saddam flees Baghdad for Damascus, then Cairo, after failed plot to kill Qasim. 1964-1966: Saddam Hussein is jailed as a member for participation in the Baath Party.

Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was born on April 28th, 1937 in al-Awja, a suburb of the Sunni city of Tikrit. After a difficult childhood, during which he was abused by his stepfather and shuffled from home to home, he joined Iraq's Baath Party at the age of 20. In 1968, he assisted his cousin, General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, in the Baathist takeover of Iraq. By the mid-1970s, he had become Iraq's unofficial leader, a role that he officially took on following al-Bakr's (highly suspicious) death in 1979.Saddam Hussein openly idolized the former Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, a man notable as much for his paranoia-induced execution sprees as anything else. In July 1978, Hussein had his government issue a memorandum decreeing that anyone whose ideas came into conflict with those of the Baath Party leadership would be subject to summary execution. Most, but certainly not all, of Hussein's targets were ethnic Kurds and Shiite Muslims.Hussein was born into a poor family in 1937 in the town of Tikrit north of Baghdad. His father died before he was born. When he was still an infant his mother left him with relatives and returned to her home village outside Tikrit. She didn't send for him until she remarried a couple of years later. Life in the village was rough. His new stepfather was not kind. And the neighborhood kids taunted the young Saddam, according to Baram.He had to fend for himself. And he became to rely only upon himself. That created a person who on the one hand was very independent. On the other hand it created a child who trusted no one, who found it difficult to love people, who had a grudge against his society, against his village, against his hometown, against people.Saddam Hussein became a loner and a bully. He didn't last long in the village. By the age of 12 he had joined his uncle in Tikrit so he could go to school and learn to read. His uncle was a teacher, with an interesting past, according to Phebe Marr, author of "The Modern History of Iraq.His uncle had been an army officer who had been not only thrown out of the army, but put in prison because of an anti-British coup in 1941. And frankly he had no truck for British or foreign influence. It was part of the nationalist trend at the time. And he certainly instilled this anti-colonial sentiment in Saddam when he was raised in that household.By the early 1950s, a teenaged Hussein was demonstrating against the government. Like countless other Iraqis, he was expressing a general sense of resentment against British colonial rule and Iraq's domination by rich landowners. Pan-Arabism was also on the rise - the movement to bring Arab states together into one big nation. In 1958, a revolution overthrew Iraq's British-backed monarchy. The change ushered in a chaotic and violent decade. By this time, Saddam Hussein had joined the pan-Arabist Baath Party. In 1959 he and fellow Baathists tried to assassinate Iraq's new military leader General Abdel Karim Kassem. The attempt failed, and Saddam Hussein was forced to flee the country. Four years later he came back, just after the Baathists did manage to kill Kassem.They showed their ruthless side, parading the general's bullet-riddled body on television. But the Baathists were thrown out of power nine months later. The years after this, the mid-60s, were critical ones for Hussein. He linked up with his one of his uncle's cousins, now high up in the Baath Party.Initially, the Guard had limited capabilities; however, during the Iran–Iraq War, it was expanded to five brigades, which was initially being mostly used in counterattacks, notably in Operation Dawn 4. By 1986 the war had exhausted Iraq with both Iran and Iraq suffering heavy casualties. Iran had by then captured Al Faw Peninsula and generally pushed Iraqi forces beyond the pre-war border and captured territory inside Iraq, repulsing counterattacks by the Republican Guard. This, coupled with another defeat at the Battle of Mehran, caused the Iraqi Ba'ath Party to convene the Ba'ath Extraordinary Congress of July 1986.[4] During this Congress the Ba'ath Party decided on a new strategy to overhaul the Iraqi military and utilize Iraq's manpower capability. The government closed all colleges and universities and began a mass mobilization program to force draft dodgers into the Iraqi Popular Army. This decision allowed for the drafting of thousands of university students, who were sent to military summer camps. In addition, the military began accepting Sunni volunteers from throughout Iraq.With this massive influx of manpower the Republican Guard expanded to over 25 brigades which were led by loyal officers drawn from the Iraqi military. This force then conducted the Ramadan Mubarak operation which, together with extensive use of chemical weapons, recaptured the Al Faw and stabilized the front and later pushed the Iranians back.

The USA and the UK have the status of occupying powers in Iraq in 2003.The forces of the United States of America (USA) and United Kingdom (UK) have yet to restore order and ensure the provision of humanitarian assistance in the areas they control. Beyond these immediate concerns, the duration of the military presence of the USA and UK is unknown, and prospects for an effective Iraqi transitional authority are unclear.  Iraq was a wealthy nation throughout the '70s and '80s, despite the fact that it underwent an eight-year long war with its neighboring nation, Iran.

The Saddam Hussein regime was accused of many very serious crimes. These included systematic and widespread torture, arbitrary justice, extrajudicial killing and “disappearances.” Crimes against humanity, and possibly genocide, were committed during campaigns against the Kurds, in particular the Anfal campaign of the late 1980s, and against the Marsh Arabs, in particular in the early 1990s. War crimes were committed during the Iran-Iraq War, and during the invasion, occupation and resistance to the liberation of Kuwait. The brutality of the regime was regarded as a key factor in its survival, and reportedly this plays strongly still in the minds of Iraqis today. There are suggestions that the business of reconstruction may itself be hampered by fear among Iraqis, who have yet to see conclusive proof that the previous regime is wholly unable to return. Justice is likely to be an important issue in practical as well as moral and emotional terms.The Dujail Massacre of 1982:In July of 1982, several Shiite militants attempted to assassinate Saddam Hussein while he was riding through the city.Hussein responded by ordering the slaughter of some 148 residents, including dozens of children. This is the war crime with which Saddam Hussein was formally charged, and for which he was executed.The Barzani Clan Abductions of 1983:Masoud Barzani led the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), an ethnic Kurdish revolutionary group fighting Baathist oppression. After Barzani cast his lot with the Iranians in the Iran-Iraq War, Hussein had some 8,000 members of Barzani's clan, including hundreds of women and children, abducted. It is assumed that most were slaughtered; thousands have been discovered in mass graves in southern Iraq.The worst human rights abuses of Hussein's tenure took place during the genocidal al-Anfal Campaign (1986-1989), in which Hussein's administration called for the extermination of every living thing--human or animal--in certain regions of the Kurdish north. All told, some 182,000 people men, women, and children were slaughtered, many through use of chemical weapons. The Halabja poison gas massacre of 1988 alone killed over 5,000 people. Hussein later blamed the attacks on the Iranians, and the Reagan administration, which supported Iraq in the Iran-Iraq War, helped promote this cover story.nitially, the Guard had limited capabilities; however, during the Iran–Iraq War, it was expanded to five brigades, which was initially being mostly used in counterattacks, notably in Operation Dawn 4. By 1986 the war had exhausted Iraq with both Iran and Iraq suffering heavy casualties. Iran had by then captured Al Faw Peninsula and generally pushed Iraqi forces beyond the pre-war border and captured territory inside Iraq, repulsing counterattacks by the Republican Guard. This, coupled with another defeat at the Battle of Mehran, caused the Iraqi Ba'ath Party to convene the Ba'ath Extraordinary Congress of July 1986.[4] During this Congress the Ba'ath Party decided on a new strategy to overhaul the Iraqi military and utilize Iraq's manpower capability. The government closed all colleges and universities and began a mass mobilization program to force draft dodgers into the Iraqi Popular Army. This decision allowed for the drafting of thousands of university students, who were sent to military summer camps. In addition, the military began accepting Sunni volunteers from throughout Iraq.With this massive influx of manpower the Republican Guard expanded to over 25 brigades which were led by loyal officers drawn from the Iraqi military. This force then conducted the Ramadan Mubarak operation which, together with extensive use of chemical weapons, recaptured the Al Faw and stabilized the front and later pushed the Iranians back.In August 1990, Saddam Hussein's Iraqi Army invaded and occupied neighboring Kuwait in a move which brought swift condemnation from much of the rest of the world.In response, U.S. President George H.W. Bush ordered planes, ships, and troops brought in to Saudi Arabia as quickly as possible to help mount a defense against possible Iraqi aggression. As Iraqi troops massed at the Saudi-Kuwaiti border, Operation Desert Shield began in full force, as the Coalition forces grew to 48 nations.The United States isn't known for its passivity when it comes to aggression against its interests, however. The U.S. was actively planning a response to the Iraqi invasion and a subsequent liberation of Kuwait, which happened between January and February 1991 in what became known as Operation Desert Storm.

Former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein in court.Former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein has appeared in a Baghdad court as his trial on charges of murder and torture resumes.The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in 1982, in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him.

Historically, Kuwait was a part of Iraq, and Saddam used this fact to cover up his blood-thirst. The results were devastating for Kuwait, a much smaller country with a fraction of Iraq's population. Responding to Kuwait's call for help, the U.S. attacked Iraq in turn and the latter failed to defend itself against the former's military might. This explains the sharp decline around 1990 in the graph above. Fortunately for Saddam, however, the American troops backed down without capturing him and ending it all. The U.S. then sought to enforce economic sanctions on Iraq, thereby sentencing Iraqis to a slow death. In the meantime, Saddam went on building lavish palaces for himself.At the time, we were a family of two boys and a little girl. The combined monthly income of the family, i.e. 11000 Dinars, was the equivalent of ~$6. Most other government employees made similar figures. Those were by far the worst years of my life, and I've lived through some serious crap, trust me.Towards the end of the '90s, things began to look better. Saddam was sensing his end and he tried to make a few improvements in income and infrastructure. He even tried to introduce a controlled version of satellite TV and wireless cellphones. But alas, America struck again in 2003; this time with the intention of removing Saddam while not really trying to avoid civilian casualties. Another important distinction here is that Iraqis didn't care to defend their country anymore. They just sat back while the U.S. troops took over.This is why this, and all similar questions, are misguided. Iraq was safer and much wealthier before any American intervention. It was Americans, their support for Saddam, and later their war and sanctions on him that made Iraq such a terrible place to live. It then shouldn't come as a surprise that Iraqis had grown sick of their way of life. So much so that they sat back and watched America "save" them from its own doing. Iraqis became somewhat wealthy, but lost all measures of personal safety. Where once they just had one tyrant to be afraid of, now they have hundreds more! Even keeping their mouths shut, which used to keep them safe, didn't help anymore. People were dying for having the wrong religion, place of birth, or even the wrong name! The year 2006 was worse than 1991 and 2003 combined. Militias took over the streets, and it was chaos.The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) may investigate a situation either on his own initiative, or at the request of a state party to the Rome Statute of the ICC, or at the request of the Security Council in a resolution adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. If he investigates on his own initiative or at the request of a state party, an indictee must either be a national of a state party or have committed the alleged offences in the territory of a state party. Iraq is not a party to the Rome Statute. If the Prosecutor investigates at the request of the Security Council, these restrictions on nationality and territory do not apply.Iraqis accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide could be brought before the ICC at the request of the Security Council. Without a Security Council resolution they could be prosecuted only for crimes committed on the territory of a state party to the Rome Statute. They could not be prosecuted at the ICC for crimes committed before the entry into force of the Rome Statute on 1 July 2002.During Saddam's dicatatorship, he led his nation into wars with Iran in the 1980s, then with the United States and its allies in 1991. In 2003, by his refusal to cede power, he entered a month-long war with the United States, Britain and other coalition forces that ended with Saddam thrown from power and forced into hiding.Saddam was the preeminent strongman in Iraq since the late 1960s, but his name did not become a household word in the United States until Aug. 2, 1990, when he launched his army on a blitzkrieg attack against Kuwait.In response, the United States built up a military force half a million strong in Saudi Arabia and in the waters of the Persian Gulf, and President George Bush gave the orders to go to war against Iraq on Jan. 16, 1991.Saddam Hussein also took to the airwaves that night to appeal to all Arabs everywhere to rise up against the United States in the great battle between the Arab world and the infidels. Allied warplanes pounded Iraq and Iraqi forces in Kuwait for nearly two months. Then a ground invasion took back Kuwait in one hundred hours, leaving tens of thousands of Iraqis killed, but only 500 Allied deaths.Saddam Hussein's life had been permeated by violence  in wars, in coups successful and unsuccessful, in assassination, treachery and terrorism.In the years after the Gulf War, Saddam continued to fight the U.S. and the West, but it was a more subtle war. It involved a hide-and-seek game with U.N. weapons inspectors over whether Iraq retained chemical and biological weapons. And it involved an international propaganda struggle over economic sanctions, which the United Nations imposed in part to rid Iraq of its prohibited weapons.Saddam proved as intransigent on this issue as he had on all others. And it brought a confrontation with another U.S. president, Bill Clinton, who ordered the four-day bombing of Iraq in December 1998. As he did after the Gulf War, Saddam cast this too as a victory for Iraq.Fighting has continued, with U.S., British and other coalition forces the prime targets of Iraqi insurgents. More than 300 U.S. troops have been killed since May 1, when President Bush declared an end to major hostilities.Saddam sought to paint himself as a champion of the Arabs, but his legacy is a dismal one for the people of Iraq. Of 23 years that he ruled Iraq, only two were spent in peace and free from the burden of international sanctions.Dec. 14, 2003 ,Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi leader who took his nation into three disastrous wars during his nearly quarter-century of rule, has been captured, some eight months after a U.S.-led invasion toppled his government.Saddam Hussein, the dictator who led Iraq through three decades of brutality, war and bombast before American forces chased him from his capital city and captured him in a filthy pit near his hometown, was hanged just before dawn  during the morning call to prayer.The execution of Saddam means that the flame of vengeance will be ignited and it will hurt the body of Iraq with unrecoverable wound.As Hussein awaited the hangman, he was apparently unaware that the American military was already making plans to dispose of his personal effects.Iraqi officials were vague to the end about when the execution would happen. “We will do it very soon,” said Munir Haddad, a judge on the Iraqi High Tribunal who represented the body at the execution.Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki was still conferring with American officials  to work out the timing and resolve key details, like what to do with Mr. Hussein’s body, a Western official said.But Mr. Maliki’s comments on Friday to the families of people who were killed while Sadam  Hussein ruled left no doubt about where the prime minister stood on the time frame of the execution.Hussein had met with two half-brothers, who are also in custody, but no other relatives.His sons are dead, and his daughters are  in Amman,Sadam Hussein’s two sons, Uday and Qusay, were killed by American soldiers after the 2003 invasion.